FLK1 · Legal Services

Regulation & reserved legal activities

SQE1 revision notes — the key rules, leading cases and common traps for this topic, in plain English and current to 2026.

LSV.02 — Regulation & Reserved Legal Activities

The framework

The Legal Services Act 2007 (LSA 2007) is the governing statute. It pursues nine regulatory objectives (s.1) — protecting the public interest, supporting the rule of law, improving access to justice, protecting and promoting consumers' interests, promoting competition, encouraging an independent, strong, diverse and effective legal profession, increasing public understanding of legal rights and duties, promoting and maintaining adherence to the professional principles, and — added by ECCTA 2023 (in force 4 March 2024) — promoting the prevention and detection of economic crime. (SQE trap: it is no longer eight.)

Layered regulation: the Legal Services Board (LSB) is the oversight regulator; approved regulators (e.g. the Law Society) authorise persons; and front-line regulation is split off to independent arms — the SRA (solicitors), BSB (barristers), CILEx Regulation (chartered legal executives). The Legal Ombudsman handles consumer complaints about service.

Reserved legal activities — s.12 LSA 2007 (learn the list)

Exercise of a right of audience
Conduct of litigation
Reserved instrument activities (conveyancing — preparing instruments transferring/charging land, and registration-related documents)
Probate activities (preparing papers to obtain a grant)
Notarial activities
Administration of oaths

It is a criminal offence to carry on a reserved activity unless authorised or exempt (ss.14–15). Carrying it on while falsely claiming entitlement is also an offence (s.17).

Crucial distinction — what is NOT reserved

Most legal work is unreserved: giving legal advice, drafting contracts/wills, employment advice, immigration advice (separately regulated), mediation. Anyone — including unqualified persons — may lawfully do these. The SQE trap: assuming "legal services" = "reserved." Only the six s.12 activities are reserved.

Common traps to nail

Will-drafting is unreserved; only the probate application step is reserved. A non-lawyer can validly draft a will.
General legal advice and contract drafting are unreserved — no offence, even by an unqualified adviser.
"Solicitor" / "barrister" are protected titles — misuse is a separate offence regardless of whether reserved work is done.
An employed/in-house solicitor still needs a practising certificate to do reserved work but is exempt from some rules applying to those serving the public.
ABS (Alternative Business Structures) allow non-lawyer ownership/management of regulated firms, licensed by a licensing authority (the SRA being one) — non-lawyers can own legal businesses post-LSA 2007.
Distinguish conduct complaints (regulator: SRA) from service complaints (Legal Ombudsman).

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Two individuals run a graphic-design business as a partnership. There is no written partnership agreement. One partner contributed £80,000 of the start-up capital and the other contributed £20,000. Over the first year one partner worked full time on the business while the other worked only occasionally, and the full-time partner now argues she should receive a salary for her extra work and a larger share of the £50,000 profit to reflect her capital and effort. The other partner disagrees. The partners cannot resolve the dispute and ask how the default rules of partnership law apply. Which of the following best describes the position under the default rules?

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